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Bozeman is a city in southwestern Montana, USA. It is the county seat of Gallatin County. With a
2000 population of 27,509, Bozeman is the fifth largest city in the state. The city is named after
John M. Bozeman, founder of the Bozeman Trail. Located in the fastest-growing county in the state,
Bozeman is an All-America City (awarded in 2001). Bozeman residents are known as Bozemanites.
Bozeman, MT History:
For thousands of years, Native Americans tribes including the Shoshone, Nez Perce,
Blackfeet, Flathead and Sioux made the area their home, though the Gallatin Valley was
not permanently held by any particular tribe.
William Clark visited the area in July 1806 as he traveled east from Three Forks along the
Gallatin River. The party camped 3 miles east of what is now Bozeman, at the mouth of Kelly
Canyon. The journal entries from Clark's party briefly describes the future city's location
in a place the local natives called the "Valley of the Flowers".
John Bozeman, with Daniel Rouse and William Bealle platted the town in 1864 stating
"standing right in the gate of the mountains ready to swallow up all tenderfeet that
would reach the territory from the east, with their golden fleeces to be taken care
of...". The Indian Wars closed the Bozeman Trail in 1868, but the town's fertile land
attracted permanent settlers.
Fort Ellis was established in 1868 by Captain R. S. LaMotte and two companies of the 2nd
Cavalry, after the mysterious death of John Bozeman near Yellowstone and considerable
political disturbance in the area led local settlers and miners to feel a need for added
protection. The fort, named for Gettysburg casualty Colonel Augustus Van Horne Ellis, was
decommissioned in 1886 and very few remains are left at the actual site, now occupied by
the Fort Ellis Experimental Station of Montana State University. In addition to Fort
Ellis, a short-lived fort, Fort Elizabeth Meahger (also simply known as Fort Meagher),
was established in 1867 by volunteer militiamen. This fort was located eight miles east
of town on Rock Creek.
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